Method of making an incontinence electrode

ABSTRACT

An incontinence electrode for controlling urinary incontinence in women is made of alternating bands of conductive and non-conductive polymers molded to form a tubular body. Electrical receptacles, formed in the molding process at the interior circumferential surface of the conductive polymer bands, accept metal contacts attached to electrical leads to make a secure and durable, mechanical and electrical connection between the conductive polymer bands and the leads. The leads are coupled to a controller and carry electrical current to and from the metal contacts which then distribute the current to the conductive polymer bands to cause a contraction of the vaginal muscles responsible for controlling urinary incontinence in women.

This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 08/311,415, filed Sep.23, 1994, U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,396, which is a Continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 07/979,642, filed Jan. 4, 1993, U.S. Pat. No.5,376,206, which is a Divisional of application Ser. No. 07/675,568,filed Mar. 26, 1991, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,443. Reference ismade to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/236,341, filed May 2, 1994,entitled Method of Making An Incontinence Electrode, by A. Malewicz U.S.Pat. No. 5,464,448.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of electricalneuromuscular stimulation for controlling urinary incontinence in women.In particular, the present invention is a molded vaginal electrodehaving increased effectiveness and a simplified method of construction.

Electrical neuromuscular stimulation is widely used to assist personsafflicted with motor dysfunctions in performing muscle contractionmaneuvers. Motor nerve fibers are electrically stimulated by means oftranscutaneously applied pulses of electrical current to causecontraction of the innervated muscles. This technique is also used tore-educate patients in the proper use of the dysfunctional muscles.

For example, in cases in which urinary incontinence in women is causedby the patient's inability to properly contract the external sphincterof the urethra, it has been shown that neuromuscular stimulation of thedysfunctional muscles by means of a vaginal or anal electrode caneffectively prevent the unwanted flow of urine. Furthermore, through theuse of such an electrode some patients can educate themselves tovoluntarily or automatically impede the flow of urine.

Electrical stimulators for controlling urinary incontinence generallyinclude a vaginal plug with one or more electrodes in the form ofconductive metal rings. The metal bands tend to cause intravaginalcurrent density burns by the "edge effect". The "edge effect" is thetendency for the current density to be maximum at the edges of aconductor having a surface impedance considerably lower than theadjacent tissue. When the plug is inserted, the electrodes contact thevaginal wall. Conductive carbon-loaded silicone rubber substantiallydecreases "edge effect" to safe values, as its surface impedance can bemade close to vaginal tissue impedance. Also, conductive silicone islighter in weight than the metal electrode, which avoids the problem ofthe weight of the electrode causing it to fall out of the vagina. A leadharness extends from the plug to a controller or stimulator whichgenerates stimulation signals. The controller is typically wornexternally, attached to the user's clothing.

The vaginal electrode of the present invention provides an improvedmeans for coupling electrical energy to a conductive polymer electrode.Other coupling methods such as molding the conductive polymer directlyto the metal contact or using adhesives to bond the metal contact to theconductive polymer have proven ineffective. Various factors, such asheat-induced pull-away of the polymeric compounds from the metalcontacts in the molding process, "stress creep" (elastomeric relaxation)of the polymeric compounds, flexing of the vaginal electrode due tocontractions of the vaginal muscles, and swelling of the vaginalelectrode due to absorption of vaginal fluids, have resulted indiminished contact integrity between the metal and the conductivepolymer thereby increasing the electrical impedance and decreasing theeffectiveness of the electrode.

There is a continuing need for improved vaginal electrodes which can beused to prevent the unwanted flow of urine. In addition to beingeffective, the electrode must be durable, hygienical and inexpensive tomanufacture.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a vaginal electrode adapted to be inserted intoa woman's vagina for stimulating and constricting the pelvic musclestherein to prevent the flow of urine through the urethra. The vaginalelectrode includes a molded, elongated tubular body composed ofconductive polymer bands separated by non-conductive polymer bands. Anelectrical receptacle is located at the interior circumferential surfaceof each conductive polymer band. Leads for coupling electrical energyare attached to contacts which are then mated with the electricalreceptacle to form a secure and durable mechanical and electricalconnection.

In one preferred embodiment, the electrical receptacle is a cylindricalcavity within a molded domed region, which is aligned parallel to thelongitudinal axis of the tubular body. The contacts include a metal pinconnector, which has a diameter slightly larger than the cylindricalcavity in the molded domed region. A metal pin connector is insertedinto each cavity. A reliable and durable mechanical and electricalconnection to each cavitated dome is created by the size differential ofthe metal pin connector and the cylindrical cavity of the domed region.

In another preferred embodiment, the electrical receptacle of theconductive polymer band is a circumferential groove positionedintermediate to the band width. Each contact is a metal compressiblering having an uncompressed diameter that is larger than the diameter ofthe grooved electrical receptacle. Each contact is compressed to reduceits diameter, inserted into the tubular body and permitted to expandwhen the contact is aligned with the circumferential groove. Aspring-like action of the metal compressible ring and a tendency of thecompressed ring to return to its uncompressed diameter make themechanical and electrical connection to the circumferential groovereliable and durable.

The vaginal electrode of the present invention provides an improvedmeans for coupling electrical energy to a conductive polymer electrode.Mechanical tension as a means of securing electrical leads to conductivepolymers is simpler and less expensive than the bonding methods employedin the prior art. In addition, coupling electrical leads to conductivepolymers by mechanical tension overcomes the problems in the prior artassociated with the interrupted integrity between the electrical contactand the conductive polymers due to heat-induced pull-away of theconductive polymers from the metal contacts in the molding process,"stress creep," and flexing and swelling of the vaginal electrode duringuse.

This invention increases the effectiveness and useful life of thevaginal electrode. In addition, the simplified method of constructingthe vaginal electrode of the present invention decreases the associatedmanufacturing costs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a vaginalelectrode in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectioned perspective view taken of the vaginal electrodealong line 2--2 of FIG. 1 with the electrode leads removed.

FIG. 3 is a sectioned perspective view of the vaginal electrode takenalong line 2--2 of FIG. 1 with the electrode lead pin connectorspositioned within electrical receptacles.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment of the vaginalelectrode.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the vaginal electrode shown in FIG. 4taken along line 5--5.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view, with portions removed, of the vaginalelectrode shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of the vaginalelectrode.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the vaginalelectrode shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a mechanical and electricalconnection assembly for the vaginal electrode shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is an cutaway perspective view the vaginal probe shown in FIGS.7 and 8 together with the connection assembly shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the vaginal electrode taken on line11--11 of FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the vaginalelectrode in an unassembled state.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the vaginal electrode shown in FIG. 12in a rolled-up state.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

As shown in FIG. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention, vaginalelectrode 14 has a cylindrically shaped tubular body 16 with a distalend 17 and a proximal end 18. The distal end 17 has a cap 19 and theproximal end 18 has a cap 20 with a sleeve 21. Vaginal electrode 14 isfabricated by a molding process, in which polymeric compounds possessingelectrically conductive properties forming banded regions 22, 24, 26 and28 are interposed with electrically non-conductive polymeric bandedregions 30, 32 and 34. Initially, conductive polymers, such asCarbon-loaded Silicone Rubber Rhone-Poulenc RS-1516, are injected into amold to fabricate the individual conductive polymer bands 22, 24, 26 and28, each having a width of about one half to about three fourths of aninch. The molded conductive polymer bands 22, 24, 26 and 28 are thenpositioned along a mandrel (not shown) to achieve the desired spacing ofat least one sixteenth to about one half inch. The mandrel and thepositioned conductive polymer bands 22, 24, 26 and 28 are then insertedinto a second mold to which non-conductive polymer, such as Dow-CorningSILASTIC® Q7-4535, is injected to connect the conductive polymer bands22, 24, 26 and 28 and thereby form tubular body 16 of vaginal electrode14. The tubular body 16 is then cured to effect the chemical bonding ofconductive polymer bands 22, 24, 26 and 28 to non-conductive polymerbands 30, 32 and 34.

Electrical leads 36, which are housed in lead harness 38, are coupled tocontroller 40 and carry electrical current to conductive bands 22, 24,26 and 28. Conductive bands 22, 24, 26 and 28 are positioned alongtubular body 16 to carry electrical current to and from the appropriateregions of the vaginal wall (not shown), while inserted in the vagina,thereby effecting contraction of the muscles which obstruct the urinaryflow. The molded cylindrical body 16 has a smooth, stream-lined,hygienical exterior surface 42, which makes vaginal electrode 14 easilymaintainable and reusable. The circumference of exterior surface 42ranges from about 2.42 to about 3.20 inches.

FIG. 2 is a sectioned perspective view taken of the vaginal electrode 14along line 2--2 of FIG. 1. Vaginal electrode 14 has an interiorcircumferential surface 43, cavity 44 and longitudinal axis 45, withreceptacles 46a-46h at conductive polymer bands 22, 24, 26 and 28. Thedistance from exterior surface 42 to interior circumferential surface 43is about 0.14 to about 0.26 inches. Receptacles 46a-46h, which areformed in the molding process, include domed regions 48 and cylindricalcavities 50. Each cavity 50 has a diameter of about 0.070 inches and alongitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis 45 of the tubularbody 16. In the first embodiment, receptacles 46a, 46c, 46e and 46g, andreceptacles 46b, 46d, 46f and 46h are coaxially aligned, respectively.Receptacles 46a, 46c, 46e and 46g are positioned 180 degrees fromreceptacles 46b, 46d, 46f and 46h, respectively.

FIG. 3 is also a sectioned perspective view of the vaginal electrodetaken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1, but with the electrical leads in place.Lead harness 36 extends into vaginal electrode 14 through sleeve 21 ofproximal end cap 20 and delivers leads 52a-52h into the cavity 44 ofvaginal electrode 14. Leads 52a-52h terminate in a pin-type connector54a-54h, respectively. Each pin connector 54a-54h is formed of metal,such as gold-coated brass, and has a diameter about 0.01 inches largerthan cavity 50 of receptacles 46a-46h. Pin connectors 54a-54h areattached to leads 52a-52h by any acceptable manner, such as crimpingand/or soldering. Pin connectors 54a-54d are then inserted in a firstdirection in receptacles 46a-46d, respectfully. Pin connectors 54e-54hare inserted in a second direction, opposite the first direction, intoreceptacles 46e-46h, respectfully. Because the diameter of each pinconnector 54a-54h is slightly larger than the diameter of cavity 50 ofreceptacles 46a-46h, electrical connection of leads 52a-52h isaccomplished by a durable and reliable mechanical tension. Thus, despite"stress creep" (elastomeric relaxation) of the polymeric compounds ofvaginal electrode 14, flexing of vaginal electrode 14 due to thecontractive forces of the vaginal muscles, or swelling of the polymericcompounds of vaginal electrode 14 due to the absorption of vaginalmembrane fluids, the connection of pin connectors 54a-54h to receptacles46a-46h, respectfully, provides a continuous mechanical and electricalcontact.

A premolded distal end cap 19, interposed by an O-ring gasket 23a for animproved seal, is adhered to the distal end 17 of tubular body 16 by amedical grade adhesive, such as Dow-Corning SILASTIC® Medical AdhesiveType A. Likewise, a premolded proximal end cap 20, interposed by O-ringgasket 23b for an improved seal, is adhered to the proximal end 18 oftubular body 16. Lead harness 38 is also adhered to sleeve 21 ofproximal end cap 20 by a medical grade adhesive, thereby completing theconstruction process of vaginal electrode 14.

FIGS. 4-6 illustrate a second preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, which is constructed in a manner similar to the firstpreferred embodiment. FIG. 4 is a sectional view vaginal electrode 14'.Vaginal electrode 14' has conductive polymer bands 22', 24', 26', and28', which are interposed by non-conductive polymer bands 30', 32' and34', in a manner similar to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.The second preferred embodiment, however, differs from the firstembodiment in two ways. First, exterior surface 42' is gradually andslightly tapered between conductive polymer bands 22' and 28'. Thetapered exterior surface 42' facilitates the positioning and retentionof vaginal electrode 14' within the vagina. Electrical current deliveredto the conductive polymer bands 22', 24', 26' and 28' causes thedysfunctional pelvic muscles to contract. This muscle contraction causesthe vaginal wall to bear down on the vaginal electrode 14' in anon-uniform manner so as to conform to the tapered shape of the exteriorsurface 42', thereby maintaining vaginal electrode 14' in the desiredlocation.

Second, conductive polymer bands 22' and 26' are axially rotated 90degrees in the second embodiment, thereby relocating receptacles46a'-46b' and 46e'-46f' (46b' and 46f' are not shown). As shown in FIGS.5 and 6, the axial rotation of conductive polymer bands 22' and 26'axially positions receptacles 46a'-46b' and 46e'-46f' 90 degrees toreceptacles 46c'-46d' and 46g' and 46h'. This positioning facilitatesthe mechanical and electrical connection of the leads by improvingaccess to receptacles 46a'-46b' and 46e'-46f'. (For ease ofillustration, the electric leads are not shown in FIGS. 4-6, but aresimilar to leads 52a-52h of FIG. 3).

FIGS. 7-11 illustrate a third embodiment of the present invention, whichis constructed in a manner similar to the first preferred embodiment.FIG. 7 is a sectional view of vaginal electrode 56. Vaginal electrode 56is configured similar to the first and second embodiments withconductive polymer bands 58, 60, 62 and 64 interposed by non-conductivepolymer bands 66, 68 and 70, and with distal end cap 71a and proximalend cap 71b. In the third embodiment, however, interior circumferentialsurface 72 of conductive polymer bands 58, 60, 62, and 64 have grooves74a-74d, respectfully, positioned intermediate to the width ofconductive polymer bands 58, 60, 62, and 64. FIG. 8 is an enlargedperspective view of the interior circumferential groove 74a todemonstrate that grooves 74a-74d create a channel, which subsequentlyserves as an electrical receptacle.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an electrical connection assembly 76 forthe third embodiment for use with vaginal electrode 56 shown in FIG. 7.Electrical connection assembly 76 includes a lead harness 78, whichhouses electrical leads 80a-80d. Leads 80a-80d are connected to ringcontacts 82a-82d, respectfully. Ring contacts 82a-82d are formed of aresilient metal, such as gold-coated brass. Each ring contact 82a-82d isdiscontinuous and has terminal ends that are bent inwardly to form tabs84 and 86. Tabs 84 and 86 facilitate compression of ring contacts82a-82d. Each ring contact 82a-82d has a width which is slightly smallerthan that of grooves 74a-74d of FIG. 7. In addition, the uncompressedexternal diameter of each ring contact 82a-82d shown in FIG. 9 is largerthan the diameter of grooves 74a-74d shown in FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 is a cutaway perspective view of the vaginal electrode shown inFIG. 7 together with the electrical connection assembly shown in FIG. 9.Each ring contact 82a-82d (ring contact 82c and 82d not shown) isinstalled by: compressing each ring contact 82a-82d by a force exertedon tabs 84 and 86; inserting each compressed ring 82a-82d into thecavity of vaginal electrode 56; aligning each compressed ring 82a-82dwith each groove 74a-74d, respectively (grooves 74c and 74d not shown);and releasing tabs 84 and 86, thereby permitting each ring contact82a-82d to expand and make a durable and reliable mechanical andelectrical connection to grooves 74a-74d, respectively, as shown in FIG.11. Ring contacts 82a-82d, by virtue of their circumferential contactwith grooves 74a-74d, respectfully, provide a uniform distribution ofcurrent throughout the exterior surface of conductive polymer bands58-64. Additionally, the method of electrical connection just described,similar to the advantages described in the first embodiment, provides acontinuous mechanical and electrical contact to the conductive polymerrings despite "stress creep" (elastomeric relaxation) of the polymers,flexing of vaginal electrode 56 due to the contractive forces of thevaginal muscles, and swelling of the polymers due to absorption ofvaginal membrane fluids while inserted in the vaginal cavity. Themechanical and electrical connection just described is accomplishedthrough a spring action, as shown in FIG. 11; the compressed ringcontacts 82a-82d continually attempt to expand to their uncompresseddiameter.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the fourth embodiment of the vaginalelectrode 88 in an unassembled state, for purposes of illustrating asecond method of construction. Conductive polymers are injected into amold to fabricate the individual conductive polymer bands 90, 92, 94 and96, each having a width of about one half to about three fourths of aninch, and a first major surface 98 and a second major surface 100. Atleast one electrical receptacle 102a-102d is formed in the moldingprocess at the second major surface 100 of each conductive polymer band90, 92, 94 and 96, respectively. The molded conductive polymer bands 90,92, 94 and 96 are then positioned on a mandrel (not shown) to achievethe desired spacing of at least one sixteenth to about one half inch.Conductive polymer band 90 is positioned at a distal end and conductivepolymer band 96 is positioned at a proximal end. Electrical leads108a-108d, each terminating in a pin-type contact 110, are inserted intoreceptacles 102a-102d, respectively, in a proximal-to-distal directionto make mechanical and electrical connection. The mandrel and thepositioned conductive polymer bands 90, 92, 94 and 96 are then insertedinto a mold to which nonconductive polymer is added in betweenconductive polymer bands 90, 92, 94 and 96 to connect conductive polymerbands 90, 92, 94 and 96 and to cover the second surface 98, includingreceptacles 102a-102d and leads 108a-108d, thereby forming an integralelectrode body 112 having non-conductive bands 114, 116 and 118. Theintegral electrode body also has a left edge 120 and a right edge 122.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the vaginal electrode 88 shown in FIG.12 in a rolled-up state (electrical leads 108a-108d of FIG. 12 notshown). Left edge 120 is rolled toward right edge 122, thereby placingleft edge 120 and right edge 122 in close proximity and generallyconfiguring the integral electrode body 112 into a tubular form, withthe first major surface 98 forming the exterior circumferential surface124 and the second major surface 100 forming the interiorcircumferential surface 126 of vaginal electrode 88. The rolled integralelectrode body 112, supported by a mandrel (not shown), is then placedinto another mold, to which non-conductive polymer is added in betweenthe left edge 120 and right edge 122 to connect left edge 120 with rightedge 122, thereby forming a contiguous exterior surface 124 and interiorsurface 126 of tubular integral electrode body 128. The non-conductivepolymer that bonds the left edge 120 and the right edge 122 forms anarrow non-conductive polymer strip 130 that extends from the distal end104 to the proximal end 106 of the tubular integral electrode body 128.The narrow non-conductive polymer strip 130, while making conductivepolymer bands 90, 92, 94 and 96 discontiguous, is so negligible indimension as to not interfere in the functioning of vaginal electrode88. Construction of vaginal electrode 88 is completed by bonding caps104 and 106 to the distal and proximal ends, respectively, of vaginalelectrode 88 in a manner similar to the previous embodiments (proximalend cap 106 and O-ring gaskets not shown). Finally, the lead harness(not shown) is adhered to the sleeve (not shown) of the proximal end capto conclude the construction of vaginal electrode 88.

The various embodiments of the invention described herein are morereliable, inexpensive and easier to manufacture than similar inventionsdescribed in the prior art. The result is a vaginal electrode that ismore effective, has a longer useful life and is reusable, hygienical andreliable during extensive use.

Although the present invention has been described with reference topreferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize thatchanges may be made in form and detail without departing from the spiritand scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of making an electrode, the methodcomprising:molding bands of conductive polymer such that each band ofconductive polymer includes an interior surface and an exterior surface;spacing four of the conductive polymer bands to achieve a spacingbetween each of the four bands in the range of 1/16 inch to 1/2 inch;molding nonconductive polymer between the spaced conductive bands toform a resilient hollow cylindrical electrode body having a first endand a second end; connecting the conductive polymer bands to electricalleads; and sealing the first end and the second end of the electrodebody.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:spacing the fourconductive polymer bands on a mandrel.
 3. The method of claim 1, whereinthe electrode body has a smooth hour-glass shaped outer surface.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the conductive polymer bands have a width inthe range of about 1/2 inch to about 3/4 inch.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein the cylindrical electrode body has an outer circumference in therange of about 2.42 inches to about 3.2 inches.
 6. The method of claim1, wherein molding nonconductive polymer between the conductive bandsseparates the four conductive polymer bands by a first nonconductiveregion, a second nonconductive region, and a third nonconductive region,the first and third nonconductive regions have a first width, and thesecond nonconductive region having a width greater than the width of thefirst and third nonconductive regions.
 7. The method of claim 1, whereinspacing the four conductive polymer bands positions one of the fourconductive polymer bands adjacent the first end of the electrode body,and positions a second one of the four conductive polymer bands adjacentthe second end of the electrode body.
 8. The method of claim 1, whereinconnecting the conductive polymer bands to electrical leads includesextending a lead harness housing the electrical leads through the firstend of the electrode body.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein sealing thefirst end and the second end of the electrode body includes adhering thelead harness to a sleeve extending from the sealed first end of theelectrode body.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein sealing the first endand the second end of the electrode body includes adhering pre-moldedend caps to the first end and the second end of the electrode body. 11.The method of claim 1, wherein molding nonconductive polymer between thespaced conductive bands includes using the conductive polymer bands asan integral portion of the electrode body.
 12. The method of claim 1,wherein the conductive polymer is carbon loaded silicone rubber.